以汶川地震地表形变带的实地测量数据为基础，结合沿实测地震地表变形剖面建筑物破坏情况的调查与测量，分析了不同地震地表变形类型及其建筑物破坏特征，定量化地讨论了地表变形梯度与建筑物破坏程度间的关系.提出无论地震地表变形表现为何种类型的断层陡坎，强变形均局部化在宽10~30 m的地表破裂带内；建筑物受损情况最直接的影响是建筑物所处地点的地表变形梯度，地表变形梯度大于0.1的地段，建筑物均完全被摧毁；地表变形梯度在0.07~0.1间的地段，建筑物遭受严重损坏，产生倾斜及强烈变形等；地表变形梯度在0.03~0.07间的地段，建筑物可能受到中度损坏，产生倾斜及变形等，具有抗震设防能力的建筑物一般不会倒塌；地表变形梯度小于0.03的地段具有抗震设防能力的构建筑物一般只会受到轻度损伤或基本完好.

Based on in-situ measurements of the earthquake surface ruptures and surveys of building damage associated with the Wenchuan earthquake along the measured profile, various types of earthquake surface ruptures and their associated features of building damages are analyzed in this paper. Moreover, the relationship between the gradient of the surface deformation and the building damage degree is quantitatively discussed. The results indicate that, regardless of fault scarp type, the surface rupture or strong deformation would be localized within an average width of 10~30 m across the seismogenic fault. The most direct factor affecting the building damages is the gradient of surface deformation in the site, where the building is located. Generally speaking, at a site where the gradient of surface deformation is equal to or larger than 0.1, the buildings will be completely destroyed; at a site where the gradient ranges from 0.07 to 0.1, the buildings will be subjected to serious damage, and at a site where the gradient ranges from 0.03 to 0.07, the buildings with a certain seismic resistance will be subject to a moderate damage, resulting in tilting and deformation, but generally will not be collapsed, while at a site where the gradient is less than 0.03, the buildings with a certain seismic resistance may suffer generally from light damage or even remains intact.