We present three-dimensional (3D) seismic compressional wave velocity (Vp), shear wave velocity (Vs) and Vp/Vs models around the Longmen Shan fault, Sichuan, China region, using aftershocks associated with the 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake. The velocity and ratio models are obtained using a new version of the double-difference seismic tomography code tomoDDPS (Zhang, 2003) to simultaneously solve for Vp, Vs, Vp/Vs and event locations. The data used in inversion include 73,013 P arrival times, 62,287 S arrival times and 61,823 S–P travel times recorded by 63 stations from both permanent and temporary networks in a region 400 km northeast-southwest by 200 km northwest-southeast. The velocity model shows structure heterogeneity both along and across the fault zone. Generally, the velocity model is consistent with the local geology, with older rocks having high velocity and younger rocks having low velocity. The Longmen Shan fault zone is a clear boundary in Vp, Vs and Vp/Vs ratio. Down to the depth around 15 km, higher Vp and Vs and lower Vp/Vs ratio exist to the west of the fault, corresponding to the Songpan–Ganze Fold System, while lower Vp and Vs and higher Vp/Vs ratio exist to the east, corresponding to the Sichuan Basin. Along the fault zone, the velocity structure is generally consistent with various rupture slip models, with two high velocity bodies corresponding well to the two large slip patches. This shows the structure control on the slip distribution along the fault plane.